Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 6th ed. – Online updating pages
Chapter 3: ‘Around-the-Table’ Negotiations
p. 44, ‘linkage’: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is a master at employing this tactic, which he used to spectacular effect at the NATO summit in Vilnius in July 2023; see the piece by Jamie Dettmer in Further Reading below. But by 2025 US President Donald Trump had completely stolen the limelight from him in this regard by the manner in which he linked trade negotiations (‘beautiful tariffs’) to foreign policy objectives.
Topics for Seminar Discussion or Essays
5. ‘A diplomatic success is a contradiction in terms.’ Discuss.
Further Reading
Dettmer, Jamie, ‘Erdoğan: The master haggler of world politics’, Politico, 15 July 2023
Messerly, Megan et al, ‘Trump turns trade talks into foreign policy wish list’, Politico, 28 June 2025